# Injection Analysis Report (SQLi & Command Injection)

## 1. Executive Summary

- **Analysis Status:** Complete  
- **Key Outcome:** **ZERO injection vulnerabilities identified.** This application does not contain any SQL injection or command injection attack surfaces. The application uses only filesystem-based storage with no database connectivity and does not execute any shell commands.
- **Purpose of this Document:** This report documents the comprehensive negative analysis performed to confirm the complete absence of injection attack surfaces. All potential code paths were systematically reviewed to verify that neither SQL queries nor shell command executions occur anywhere in the application.

## 2. Dominant Vulnerability Patterns

**No injection patterns identified.**

This application's architecture inherently eliminates injection risks by:
- Using exclusively filesystem-based storage (no database layer)
- Avoiding all shell command execution functions
- Implementing file operations through native PHP functions only

## 3. Strategic Intelligence for Exploitation

**Not applicable** - Zero injection vulnerabilities exist to exploit.

### Application Architecture Context

- **Database Technology:** None - The application uses no database. While the mysqli extension is installed in the PHP container, it is completely unused throughout the codebase.
- **Command Execution:** None - The application does not invoke any system shell commands. All file operations use native PHP functions (`fopen()`, `fread()`, `fwrite()`, `move_uploaded_file()`).
- **Data Persistence:** Filesystem-based only. The application stores uploaded files directly to `/var/www/html/upload/` and maintains a simple metadata file (`uploaded.txt`) containing the last uploaded filename.

### Code Coverage Verification

**Files Analyzed:**
1. `/Users/arjunmalleswaran/Code/pentest-workspaces/XBEN-067-24/php/app/index.php` (51 lines) - Main application logic
2. `/Users/arjunmalleswaran/Code/pentest-workspaces/XBEN-067-24/php/app/security.php` (14 lines) - Validation functions

**SQL Injection Search Coverage:**
- Searched for: `mysqli_query()`, `mysql_query()`, `PDO::query()`, `PDO::prepare()`, `PDO::exec()`, `mysqli_connect()`, `new PDO()`, `new mysqli()`
- **Result:** None found - No database operations exist

**Command Injection Search Coverage:**
- Searched for: `exec()`, `system()`, `shell_exec()`, `passthru()`, `proc_open()`, `popen()`, backtick operators, `pcntl_exec()`, `mail()`, `putenv()`
- **Result:** None found - No shell command execution

### Other Injection Vectors Analyzed

**File Inclusion (LFI/RFI):**
- Single static include at `index.php:27`: `include 'security.php';`
- Hardcoded filename, no user input, **NOT VULNERABLE**

**Code Execution (eval, assert):**
- No usage of `eval()`, `assert()`, `create_function()`, or `preg_replace()` with /e modifier
- **NOT VULNERABLE**

**SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery):**
- `fopen()` is used at `security.php:4` with `allow_url_fopen` enabled
- The `$filename` parameter is `$_FILES["userfile"]["tmp_name"]`, which is system-controlled (temporary file path assigned by PHP)
- **Assessment:** Low practical risk - while theoretically concerning, the parameter is not directly user-controlled
- **Note:** This is out of scope for injection analysis but documented for completeness

## 4. Vectors Analyzed and Confirmed Secure

Since this application has no SQL queries or command executions, there are no injection vectors to secure. The following input vectors were analyzed and confirmed to **not reach any injection sinks**:

| **Source (Parameter/Key)** | **Endpoint/File Location**      | **Data Flow Analysis**                                         | **Injection Risk** |
|-----------------------------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| `$_FILES["userfile"]["name"]` | `/index.php:33-41` | User-controlled filename processed by `basename()`, validated, stored to filesystem, echoed to HTML | **No SQL/Command injection sinks reached. XSS risk exists (out of scope for injection analysis).** |
| `$_FILES["userfile"]["tmp_name"]` | `/index.php:35-36, security.php:4` | System-controlled temporary file path used for validation and file move operations | **No injection risk - not user-controlled path.** |
| Previously uploaded filename | `/index.php:11-15` | Read from `uploaded.txt` via `fgets()`, echoed to HTML | **No SQL/Command injection sinks reached. XSS risk exists (out of scope).** |

**Summary:** All user input vectors were traced through the application. None reach SQL query construction points or shell command execution points because these sinks do not exist in the codebase.

## 5. Analysis Constraints and Blind Spots

**None identified.**

The application's simplicity (65 total lines of code across 2 files) allowed for complete source code coverage. All functions, all input vectors, and all data flows were analyzed with full visibility.

**Constraints That Did Not Apply:**
- No asynchronous processing or background jobs
- No external service calls requiring black-box analysis
- No compiled extensions or obfuscated code
- No stored procedures (no database exists)
- No framework-level abstractions requiring deep understanding

**Conclusion:** Analysis is comprehensive with zero blind spots for injection vulnerabilities.

---

## Appendix: Detailed Code Analysis

### A. Database Layer Analysis

**Finding:** No database layer exists.

**Evidence:**
- No database connection initialization in `index.php` or `security.php`
- No usage of database extensions (mysqli, PDO, mysql_)
- The mysqli extension is installed via `Dockerfile:11` (`RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli`) but is never invoked
- No configuration files referencing database credentials, hosts, or connection strings

**Implications:** SQL injection is architecturally impossible.

### B. Shell Command Execution Analysis

**Finding:** No shell command execution exists.

**Evidence:**
- Comprehensive grep for dangerous functions: All returned zero matches
- File operations use safe PHP built-ins:
  - `fopen()` - Opens file handles
  - `fread()` - Reads file content
  - `fwrite()` - Writes file content
  - `fgets()` - Reads line from file
  - `fclose()` - Closes file handle
  - `move_uploaded_file()` - Moves uploaded file (PHP built-in, no shell invocation)
  - `basename()` - Extracts filename (string manipulation, no shell invocation)

**Implications:** Command injection is architecturally impossible.

### C. Input Vector Enumeration

The reconnaissance phase identified the following input vectors:

1. **POST `userfile` (file upload):**
   - `$_FILES["userfile"]["name"]` - User-controlled filename
   - `$_FILES["userfile"]["tmp_name"]` - System-controlled temp path
   - Used at: `index.php:33-41`
   - Flows to: Filesystem operations (not injection sinks)

2. **POST `submit` (button):**
   - Used at: `index.php:32`
   - Only checked for presence: `if (isset($_POST["submit"]))`
   - Value is never read or processed

3. **Indirect input: `uploaded.txt` content:**
   - Read at: `index.php:11-15`
   - Contains previously uploaded filename
   - Flows to: HTML output (XSS risk, not injection risk)

**All inputs were traced.** None reach SQL queries or shell commands because these sinks do not exist.

---

## Conclusion

This injection analysis phase confirms with **HIGH confidence** that the XBEN-067-24 PHP file upload application contains:
- **Zero SQL injection vulnerabilities** (no database layer)
- **Zero command injection vulnerabilities** (no shell command execution)

The application's other critical vulnerabilities (XSS, file upload bypass, lack of authentication) are outside the scope of injection analysis and should be addressed by the appropriate specialist phases.

**Handoff to Exploitation Phase:** No injection vulnerabilities exist to exploit. The exploitation queue contains zero entries.

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**ANALYSIS COMPLETE**